Letter from Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King Jr. Essay

Is it not ironic that Martin Luther King Jr. s, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, which testifies to his struggle for Civil Rights; not only contradicts the time Martin Luther King wrote it in, but also echoes the same sentiments of today’s moral causes and laws? . Dr. King (*) then known as Baptist minister Martin Luther King Jr. wrote the Letter to Birmingham in response to his fellow clergymen’s criticisms of him being locked up for his actions in Birmingham’s Civil Rights protest. The letter’s emotional appeal of pathos and uprightness are apparent as Dr. King likens his reasons for writing the letter to that of the eighth century prophets, who wanted to carry forth the righteous word of the lord. Just as these prophets, chose to†¦show more content†¦While surrounded by a place made for dangerous criminals Martin Luther King Jr.’s letter preaches for the mental elevation of our society from a separations mindset like that of the White Moderates. Who when described by Dr King in the† Letter From Birmingham...† are worse than the Ku Klux Klan because they ride the fence on their indifferences, and are more devoted to peace and order than morality. Drawing upon the moral laws of religion, and the ethical laws of our founding fathers, Dr King goes on to explain how with we should not be exclusive in our belief of these laws, and apply them in certain parameters, but together as a nation uphold higher standards for those in society. Closing the letter in a somewhat contemptuous apology for its length, and the statement that had it been written from a desk, it would have gotten straight to the point. Dr. King links himself to his fellow clergyman in the commonalty that they are also Christian brothers, and are similar in knowing that all men are made equal with a sprit to distinguish what is right or unjust y. In Letter from Birmingham Jail, Dr King relates several moral arguments, which he con siders is at the root of his cause, while literarily depicting the respectable qualities and values desired by all humans. The first argument Martin Luther King Jr .presents in his â€Å"Letter From Birmingham†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is the reason for his struggle. Though shunned by his fellow clergyman Dr. King’s fight against NorthShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr., â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†3011 Words   |  13 Pages[Date] Martin Luther king Jr., â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† Outline 1. Introduction i) Argument about â€Å"Justice and injustice† ii) Religious appeals in King’s latter iii) Paragraph fourteen of King’s latter 2. Discussion 3. Conclusion Introduction The pressure of racial segregation was reaching a boiling point in 1963 in Birmingham, Alabama. After being arrested for his part in the Birmingham Campaign, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. wrote an open letter in responseRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr : Letter From Birmingham Jail Essay1678 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail Hao Ran Hu SUNY Broome Hao Ran Hu Global History Professor St.Clair 2016 Martin Luther King Jr: Letter from Birmingham Jail One of the interesting Documents in World History is the ‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ by Martin Luther King Jr who was born as Michael King in 1929 in Atlanta. His parents were partRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Martin Luther King Jr.1259 Words   |  6 PagesLetter from Birmingham Response The Letter from Birmingham jail was written on April 16th, 1963 by Martin Luther King jr. Martin was a prominent leader and protester in the fight against racism. King was put in jail for protesting in the streets without a permit and that is where he read the letter. The letter was written as response to the Letter from the Eight Clergymen. Their letter called for the end of the peaceful protests which were lead by King and his supporters. During the time the letterRead MoreThe Letter From Birmingham Jail By Martin Luther King Jr.990 Words   |  4 PagesThe Letter from Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King Jr. is written to the injustices of the African Americans by the white man supremacy, and to address the direct actions African Americans were making to change the people’s perspective. The books that have been read in this class reflect the same injustices that Martin Luther King Jr is addressing in his letter. The main point of this letter is to address the direct actio n being taken by the African Americans and how they sacrificing everythingRead MoreLetter From A Birmingham Jail By Martin Luther King Jr.920 Words   |  4 PagesIn his â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail,† Martin Luther King Jr. makes appeals to ethos, logos, and pathos to convince the clergymen that colored people have been waiting for too long for political, economic, and social justice and freedom. He argues that it’s unfair to promise someone, or a group, for a change and not fulfill that promise. Along with demonetizing and/or belittling a person to the point where they don’t feel as important or as worth as they should; making them feel hatred and angerRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1683 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†, Martin Luther King Jr. wrote a response to clergymen defending his actions that placed him in a jail in Birmingham, Alabama. King did not respond to all the criticis m that crossed his desk, but this time King felt he was compelled to respond. This obligation King felt was due in part to men with good will and intentions stating that his actions were â€Å"unwise and untimely† (Pg. 835). King’s purpose in writing â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was to defend the strategyRead MoreLetter From Birmingham Jail By Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesA Letter’s Purpose In â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† by Martin Luther King Jr. writes specifically to southern clergy men but also expands to anyone who opposes the civil rights movement. He informs his audience about the purpose of the civil rights movement and its importance to black and white people in terms of living as equals in a more peaceful society. King urges the public to understand the purpose of peaceful protests and the civil rights movement. He also wants people to understand the hardshipsRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr. s Letter From A Birmingham Jail1157 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† is directed towards the clergymen, although America is his audience, King had come to Birmingham to address the segregation problem in the United States. He refuses to stay silent, even though people told him to wait for the change to happen. King is a part of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference that has many organizatio ns across the South. He felt that he has a right to be in Birmingham because his organizations have connections withRead MoreEssay on Letter From Birmingham Jail, by Martin Luther King Jr.742 Words   |  3 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr. one of many great influential speakers wrote a life changing letter after being arrested for peacefully protesting African American rights. While sitting in jail Dr. King received a letter from clergymen questioning his motives and timings for being in Birmingham. In a response Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. writes a â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† vividly expressing physical and emotional purposes for his presence in Birmingham, AL. First, in the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail†Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1004 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr’s â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† was written during 1963, when African Americans were fighting for black and white equality. During the civil rights movement Martin Luther King Jr fought triumphantly for African Americans and their freedom. He was often subjected to imprisonment from those who opposed the purpose of the civil rights movement. Martin Luther king Jr took a lot of time to write and document his thoughts about how his people were being treated. â€Å"Letter to Birmingham†

Is Fitness An Obsession - 897 Words

Is fitness an obsession? Many would say yes, but here is the real question. Is the strive for health and fitness a bad obsession to have? In a personal interview with a Jorge Mendoza, who frequents the gym many times per week and also keeps a strict meal plan, how he would define an obsession. Mendoza’s answer was a simple â€Å"too much.† The word obsession has such a negative connotation that even if paired with a word as positive as fitness the negativity is still overpowering. Fitness is a wonderful obsession to have because by dieting and keeping a good workout schedule not only do they each have their own separate benefits but together they bring many emotional and mental benefits. Dieting is often perceived as â€Å"starving.† Actually if done correctly a person should be eating more than even three time a day but that alone will not reap the benefits unless it is a properly balanced diet. In an article by Serena Styles on the benefits of proper nutrition she gives many reasons as to how a diet can be healthy for the body. First, to even have a healthy balanced diet one must achieve a perfect ratio between proteins, carbohydrates, fats, and key vitamins and minerals. These five essential parts combined together help the body to obtain many valuable benefits. A major benefit is heart health. Since the heart is the most important organ in the body everyone should want to keep it as healthy as possible. That can easily be achieved by lowering one’s intake of fats, sodium, andShow MoreRelatedPhysical Fitness And Educational Programs982 Words   |  4 Pages The film â€Å"Fit† explores the evolution of fitness in the daily lives of American men and women. From being defined as a â€Å"vision of the body and its possibilities† to a literal culture of physical strength and appeal, how we understand fitness has been shaped throughout many generations. In the late nineteenth century, the belief that participating in daily or at least frequent physical exercise was good for the body was starting to become more popular. People were developing their own programs ofRead MoreEvolution Of The Fitness Industry1252 Words   |  6 PagesThe fitness industry is one that is rarely thought of as an electronic industry. However, in recent years, more and more fitness related smartphone applications including workout planners, calorie counters, support forums, and many more fitness centered resources have become available to the public. This big move from time sensitive face-to-face fitness instruction to convenient face-to-screen instruction has changed the way that the fitness industry operates. With the rising rollout of fitness appsRead MoreEssay about Rise in the Fitness Culture1419 Words   |  6 Pagesphrase in this period where fitness has become a popular trend across the globe. It has become apparent that fitness, for the most part, dominates many aspects of social media – from infomercials on the best workout videos to the plethora of â€Å"how to† fitness videos on YouTube. However, the cause of this fitness boom has been debated for quite some time. Many people assume that the rise in fitness occurred because of its correlation to longevity, but I believe that fitness became popularized throughRead MoreEssay On Social Media1647 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluence in America has exponentially grown since the â€Å"fitspiration† era. Fitness ideas and images are constantly presented to the users of these social media platforms, creating a very specific body type to be idolized and seen as ideal and beautiful. This causes many individuals to become dissatisfied with their own bodies. Thus, in today’s society the two most prominent social media websites, Facebook and Instagram, display fitness in a glamorized manner that results in women s body dissatisfactionRead MoreCultural Pressure s to be Thin Essay771 Words   |  4 Pagescaught up in the new health and fitness craze. One of these factors affecting almost everyone is the media. Celebrities are setting the standards for the new thin trend. In Hollywood the pressures for actresses to get and stay thin is the source of a shocking and alarming trend. Females, especially celebrities, have become tinier and skinnier then ever. The look of being `skinny has changed from being simply health conscious to a dangerous obsession. This sudden obsession with thinness hasnt alwaysRead MoreThe Topic Of Body Weight1288 Words   |  6 Pagesbullying are caused by complex social factors but are often based off the American societal obsession of body image. The overwhelming problem of weight in America is often framed as a cosmetic issue, rather than a matter of public health (Martin, 2007). This tends to create an obsession with short-term fixes to weight issues, such as diet pills, bars, shakes, surgeries, low calorie sodas, and month-to-month fitness club memberships which promote the idea that ordinary people can look like celebritiesRead MoreAntibiotic Resistance851 Words   |  4 PagesThis article is about the determination of Antibiotic resistance that relies on the fitness effects of resistance elements in the absence of antibiotics. Angst and Hall tentatively developed rifampicin-resistant and delicate Escherichia coli in drug-free environment, before measuring the impacts of new resistance components on fitness in antibiotic free conditions. Streptomycin resistance changes had little fitness impacts in rifampicin-resistant genotypes that had adjusts to antibiotic free environmentRead MoreHealth Benefits Of Regular Exercise1 266 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years society has become increasingly aware of the need for physical fitness to gain a better health outlook and improved physique. Almost with every facing direction, whether it is on television, social media, magazines, or by the office water cooler advice on improving health can be given without solicitation. Most of the advice is advocating using a fitness monitor that encourages an active lifestyle that merits serious attention. Tasks consists of moderate to vigorous ambulatory activitiesRead MoreSelf Control And Self Preservation732 Words   |  3 PagesFitness is around us. Every time we turn on our television. We aspire to live in our best bodies. After all, physical perfection can be synonymous with confidence given one’s perspective. A chiseled muscular body could easily symbolize strength. While, a soft human frame that lacks symmetry and definition could easily be perceived as a lack of self-control and self-preservation. What are you willing to suffer? Furthermore, is it even of interest to you? Without a doubt, fitness is my passionRead MoreCosmetic Surgery Is Becoming An Acceptable Solution For Beauty987 Words   |  4 Pageselective plastic surgery to achieve the level of perfect beauty. So why have these figures that growth? Despite knowing the risks latent in surgical elective plastic procedures, people are having more and more elective plastic surgeries because the obsession with beautiful body image, social criticism because being ugly, and addicted to elective plastic surgery. Many people have misunderstood about cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery are the same in one. Technically, cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery

Essay about Fahrenheit 451 as a Criticism of Censorship

Fahrenheit 451 as a Criticism of Censorship Ray Bradbury criticizes the censorship of the early 1950s by displaying these same themes in a futuristic dystopia novel called Fahrenheit 451. In the early 1950s Ray Bradbury writes this novel as an extended version of The Fireman, a short story which first appears in Galaxy magazine. He tries to show the readers how terrible censorship and mindless conformity is by writing about this in his novel. In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury uses artificial stimulus, such as television and radio, to provide the reader with a feeling of how isolated the public is and how their minds are being controlled by this conformist government in the twenty-first century. He uses†¦show more content†¦One example of this is the three-walled television in Guy Montags living room. His wife, Mildred, watches TV all day and soaks up all the mindless programming and propaganda being fed to her. She has lost almost all of her short-term memory because of this. In one scene Mildred is asked about something that happens in a TV show shes watching and she cannot remember what is going on, even though less than a few minutes have passed. She also displays this behavior when Montag asks her to get him some aspirin when he has a headache. After she leaves the room, she returns with out the aspirin and any remembrance of Montags request. Bradbury again shows the emptiness of Mildred, a product of the conformist government, when she is using the seashell thimbles. These are small, high fidelity earphones. They send Mildred music, commercials, and other information for her to consume. Advertisements such as two-hundred foot billboards that line the highways, blocking out any natural scenery, promote conformity and consumerism. Captain Beatty, Montags boss, describes the logic behind the advertisements and television programs: Cram them full of noncombustible data, chock them so full of `facts they feel stuffed, but absolutely `brilliant with information. Then theyll feel theyre thinking, theyll get a sense of motion without moving. And theyll be happy, because facts or that sort dont change. Dont give them any slippery like philosophy orShow MoreRelatedAnnotated Bibliography : Ray Bradbury1077 Words   |  5 PagesFahrenheit 451: Ray Bradbury An Annotated Bibliography Johnston, Amy E. Boyle. â€Å"Ray Bradbury: Fahrenheit 451 Misinterpreted.† L.A. Weekly, 4 Apr. 2016, Http://Www.laweekly.com/News/Ray-Bradbury-Fahrenheit-451-Misinterpreted-2149125. This article is about the author having an interview with Ray Bradbury about how people are mistreated because they was been kept uninformed and ignorant about censorship when its really about technology destroying the use ofRead MoreCensorship In William Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511112 Words   |  5 PagesCensorship is not easy to define. According to Webster’s Dictionary, to censor means to examine in order to suppress or delete anything considered objectionable. Its central characteristic is the suppression of an idea or image because it offends or disturbs someone, or because they disagree with it. In many countries, censorship is most often directed at political ideas or criticism of the government. In the United States, censorship more often involves social issues, and in school is commonlyRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Critical Essay1607 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Lintang Syuhada 13150024 Book Report 1 Fahrenheit 451 Critical Essay Human beings are naturally curious. We are always in search of better ideas, and new solutions to problems. One of a basic idea of Indonesia has been freedom of thinking and a free flow of ideas. But in some societies, governments try to keep their people ignorant. Usually, this is so governments can keep people under control and hold on to their power. In trying to keep people from the realities of the world, these oppressiveRead More What are some of the key ideas and messages presented in the novel,1952 Words   |  8 Pagessome of the key ideas and messages presented in the novel, Fahrenheit 451? Explain your answer with examples and quotations. What are some of the key messages and ideas presented in the novella, Fahrenheit 451? Explain your answer with detailed examples and quotations. Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is a dystopian, science fiction novel, which is written through the perspective of Bradbury’s protagonist, Guy Montag. Fahrenheit 451 was initially published in 1953; however it is set in theRead MoreFahrenheit 451 Analysis798 Words   |  4 Pagesreal than you would think. Ray Bradbury’s Fahrenheit 451 is no exception. Bradbury had quickly gained global recognition from his stand out dystopian hit that makes controversial social commentaries. Some of the commentaries he touches upon the topics of censorship and social conformity. All of which are demonstrated through the strategic use of demanded conformities and the dystopian setting. Overall, In Fahrenheit 451, Bradbury comments on the censorship and ideological limitations in today’s societyRead MoreCensorship in Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 451777 Words   |  3 PagesFahrenheit 451 accurately portrays Censorship as it has been throughout history. Ray Bradbury was probably influenced by world events during his time, such as the cold war and other diplomatic leaders who have censored their citizens to avoid the truth from getting out. From politicians right now and their attempts to censor the media, to censorship from the history of other foreign countries the actions of the â€Å"Firemen† in Bradbury’s novel Fahrenheit 451 are similar in method and meaning. The actionRead MoreEssay on Is Censorship Unconstitutional?919 Words   |  4 Pages Censoring knowledge is unconstitutional. Censorship had been going on since the beginning of the written word. This means that is not hard to say that it has been used as a manipulation tactic since the first man, or woman, placed their coal to a piece of dried goat skin. So does this make it wrong? To understand censorship, you have to start at the beginning. Censorship, no matter the definition, is when people who have power, wish to limit the knowledge of what we are receiving, orRead MoreCritical Analysis Of Fahrenheit 4511266 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin, in Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury incorporated: a censorship aspect intended for the book, social commentary, and the social critical analysis which relates to conflicts in our world today. To continue, censorship can be considered a â€Å"threat† to society, for example, Bradbury uses the concept of the overuse of media and how it can affect the world and the people around you. Furthermore, Bradbury’s key focus was to satirize the excessive use of television and the media as a news and entertainmentRead MoreFahrenheit 451 : The Burning Truth1149 Words   |  5 PagesAbdulmalik Alnagadi Doctor Clare Little Humanities 142 Aug/7/2014 â€Å"Fahrenheit 451†: The Burning Truth Introduction Fahrenheit 451 is the actual temperature at which paper catches fire. The story by Ray Bradbury represents a social criticism that alarms individuals against the risk of suppressing their feelings due to restrictions. The fascinating story of Bradbury, ‘Fahrenheit 451’ is interestingly well constructed. It can be clearly recognized that the book broadens the idea of a short story thatRead MoreEssay about Ray Bradburys Fahrenheit 4511129 Words   |  5 Pages Literary Criticism of Fahrenheit 451 Don’t worry, be happy, or at least that’s what everyone in Ray Bradbury’s book Fahrenheit 451 thought. No matter what was going on around them, war, crime, or death, they were always happy†¦ Or were they? Ray Bradbury wrote books about censorship in society forming around being censored totally or partially from books and television. In Fahrenheit 451 the main character, Montag, is a fireman whose job it is to burn books to keep the public from reading then and

The Controversial History Behind Sexuality - 1951 Words

Throughout history, sexuality has been an extremely discussed and disputed topic. In the United States, views on gays and lesbians have fluctuated as social norms changed and adapted rapidly as the nation grew into a major international superpower. Even today, the topic of sexuality is one of the most controversial and progressive movements sweeping the country as more and more states pass laws allowing the marriage of gay and lesbian couples. This essay will attempt to delve into the controversial history behind sexuality in the United States, addressing both positive and negative issues, beginning in the 1920s until the end of the 20th century. Prior to World War II, especially during the early 1910s, society was very quickly realizing†¦show more content†¦Universities, especially Ivy-League schools such as Cambridge and Harvard, openly disallowed any openly-gay students from gaining acceptance into the school. According to a report by Chris Cuomo for ABC News, a recent discovery of Secret Court Files, 1920† found that Harvard University had, in the 1920s, a â€Å"secret court† that focused on identifying and expelling all gay and lesbian students at the university. Because of the still-rampant homophobia despite the growing culture in cities, the first gay rights organization was founded in Chicago by a man named Henry Gerber. However, the Society for Human rights, as it was called, had to be closed less than a year after it was founded due to increasing political and social pressure from outside sources. The 1920s and early 1930s became known as the â€Å"Panzy Craze,† a time when homosexualit y was recognized as a legitimate sexual orientation and when gay nightclubs and parties flourished. However, the later 1930s were a time where all the freedom and experimentation from the â€Å"roaring ‘20s† was reversed, and the national fell into a state of rigid conservatism once again. The gay community, like every other community in America, was feeling the effects of the Great Depression and the old Victorian and Puritan morals were beginning to take control once again. The 1930s brought an enormous decline in public

Energy Economics Research design

Question: Discuss about the Energy Economics for Research design. Answer: Project Contexts A power plant can be of several types that mainly depend on the type of the fuel that is used. A thermal power station is the most conservative method which helps in generating the electric power which is reasonably of high competence. A thermal power station mainly uses the coal which is used as the primary fuel in order to boil the water (Swain and Guttmann 1983). A nuclear power generating station is however, identical to the thermal stations in variety of ways. The hydro-electric power station mainly plants the energy of the falling water that is utilized to drive the turbine. This turbine in turn runs the generator in order to generate electricity (Spiteri 2015). The Nevada Solar One Project is a concentrating solar power project. The data of the project is mainly organized by taking the details of the background, participants and the arrangement of the power plant. The Nevada Solar One Project is the third largest CSP plant in the world. It is also the first plant to get constructed in the US in the year 1999. The project is located in the Boulder City of Nevada which is about 40 miles southeast from Las Vegas. The project has come into force and has been operating since 2007. The US$260 million plant has an ostensible production capacity of 64 megawatts. The plant has a maximum capacity of 70 megawatts. The electricity of the plant which has the capacity to power more than 15, 00 households on a yearly basis were sold to the Nevada Energy. It was sold under an agreement known as the long-term power purchase agreement (Ousterhout and Olson 2013). The Strategies used by The Nevada Solar One Project are as follows: Increasing the efficiency and conversation of the energy in order to provide the customers with the tools so as to lower the bills while they will improve the surroundings. Expansion of the initiatives as well as the investment of the renewable energy. The strategy also involves the addition of new and efficient generating plants. The Solar 1 Nevada involved a total cost of $266mn to get constructed. The solar project has 19,300 PTR-70 receivers both from Germany and Israel and the vacuum tubes are mainly filled with the transfer of the heat fluid that in turn gets heated when the mirror furrow replicates the rays of Sun on them. The fluid in the tube is in turn heated to 391C and this heat is in turn exchanged to water through the pipes in order to produce steam that drives a conservative turbine (Tian and Zhao 2013). It has been reported that the solar power plant is not 100 % renewable and it in turn has 2% back-up of fossil fuel from a small heater of natural gas. This heater is used to prevent the freezing of the water. The solar power plant makes use of 400 acres of land that in covers 200 of fields that is used to play football. The Nevada Solar One power plant was financed with an amount of $266mn in the year 2007 by Acciona Energy (Ehlers et al. 2014). However, it was found that there were some issues which were made by the union leaders stating that the workers were hired from Central America other Nevada itself which led to a conflict. As a result, Nevada commission rebated an amount of $15 million in the form of tax to Acciona. This was done mainly to hire the workers from the local residents and pay a current wage to them. Background of Nevada Solar One Project Technology Parabolic Trough Status Operational Country United States City Boulder City Land Area 400 acres Cost 266,000,000 USD Generation of Electricity 134,000 MWh/yr PPA 20 years The development of the solar thermal project became popular during the late 1980s at the same time when nine plants were installed in the Mojave Desert of California. The Nevada Solar One project was mainly constructed on the experience that was derived from the SEGS projects and it uses much of the similar energy as used by SEGS project. The Gross Turbine Capacity of the Project is 75.0 MW. The Nevada Solar One project consists of 64 MW and is hyped as the largest solar thermal power plant (Tahseen and Karney 2016). Figure: Sir Adam Beck Generating Station (Source: Tourniagarafalls.com, 2016) The Sir Adam Beck Generating I Station was opened in the month of December in the year 1921. It was mainly a clean source, renewable and supplies electricity at a low cost for more than 90 years. At the time of the development of the project, the largest hydroelectric power station in the world was the Queenston-Chippawa Development project. The hydropower is a product of the flow and the distance drops of water. The Sir Adam Beck Generating I Station is located at Queenston (Northrup and Wittemyer 2013). (Source: Nflibrary.ca, 2016) The Sir Adam Beck Generating Station is a hydroelectric generating station is mainly located on the downstream side of the Niagara Falls which is on the side of Canada of the river Niagara. The diagram shows the Deriaz Runner of the Sir Adam Beck Generating Station. The pumping station offers the flexibility for the grid of OPG and also adds discharge for both the pumping station of Adam Beck. The pumping station was commissioned in the year 1958 and it mostly uses the uncommon Deriaz type runner that was mainly tested by the English Electric. Similarly, the Sir Adam Beck Generating II Station was opened in the month of August in the year 1954. It was opened by H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent. The Beck II station holds the largest capacity of the OPG and it has also known to produce safely produced clean as well as low-cost electricity for more than 50 years. The construction of the station started in the year 1951. The construction was mainly a multi-faceted construction that mainly involved the construction of a new powerhouse at Queenston. The Niagara Diversion Treaty made the development of the Sir Adam Beck Generating II Station possible of the year 1950 between the countries Canada and the United States. The Niagara Diversion Treaty in turn defends the scenic beauty of the Falls by setting up minimum levels of water flow over the Falls. The Niagara Diversion Treaty also sets out some conditions that involve the sharing of the remaining water between the countries Canada and USA for the generation of power. Group of the Plant Niagara Plant Group Drainage Basin Lake Erie River Niagara Capacity 1,499 MW Number of Units 16 The up gradation of the turbines at Sir Adam Beck Generating II Station has in turn increased the ability of the station. Both the stations that is Sir Adam Beck Generating I Station and the Sir Adam Beck Generating II Station are owned by the Ontario Power Generation. Sir Adam Beck Generating I Station contains 10 generators whereas; Sir Adam Beck Generating II Station contains 16 generators. Sir Adam Beck Generating Station is made of 174 megawatt and it has 300 hectare reservoir. The reservoir is build simultaneous with the Sir Adam Beck Generating II Station. There are nearly 130 solar companies of Nevada and these companies provides a diversity of solar goods as well as services that ranges from the installation of the solar system to the manufacturing of components which is used for the photovoltaic panels. The solar field of the Nevada Solar One is shown below: Mirrors Flabeg The total number of SCAs 760 The total number of SCAs per loop 8 SCA length 100 m Receiver Schott The total number of HCEs 18250 HTF Temp in 318C HTF Temp out 394C The Nevada Solar One of Acciona uses proprietary technology in order to track the location of the sun as well concentrates the rays of the sun during the peak hours of demand. The plant mainly employs 750 parabolic concentrators and the concentrator has more than 183,000 mirrors. The potential of the CSP generation is recognized by Acciona and as a result, the construction of Nevada Solar One took place in order to reveal that the technology can perform on a profitable scale. The construction of the CSP plants in America helped to contribute to a lower electricity grid of the emission of carbon (Kurihara and Hanakawa 2013). Review Evaluation Design and Methods Evaluation is mainly the determination of the worth of the object of evaluation. In order to review the evaluation design as well as the methods, it is very important to carry out the methodology under a widespread literature survey. The methods are mostly of two types that are quantitative and qualitative and they are obtained by browsing through the internet, journals as well as other information on the power plants. It is very important to carry out a performance indicator method to review the evaluation methods (Yin 2013). Performance Indicator PT = PAi Here PT stands for the total outage cost of the power which is mainly due to the downtime of the system for n number of years. PA stands for the outage cost of the annual M number of Turbine. However, PA = PR PF CU PR = Pr, where PR is the annual reduction of power for M number of Turbine. Pr = annual generation of power reduction for an individual turbine. The evaluation questions are as follows: What does a usual solar panel system cost to install? Did the project achieve what it proposed to do? Who benefited from the project? What are the advantages and the disadvantages of the hydro electric power plant? What improvements could have been made to make the project more favorable? The evaluation was conducted by the author and the data were collected mainly by researching from the internet and also going through various journals. The data which have been implemented by the author is mainly the numerical data that is collected with the help of the quantitative method. The quantitative method has helped to get the numerical data related the projects which gave a brief description of the generation capacity of the two projects as well as the turbine of the projects. The author has mainly focused on the quantitative method because the method a survey through an ease method by which data is composed and analyzed quite quickly (Creswell 2013). With the help of the quantitative methodology, it has found that Nevada installed 409 MW of solar electric capacity in the year 2015. The Nevada Solar industry has more than 128 solar industries in which there are 8,765 individuals who are employed. As per the findings, it has been found that in the year 2015, Nevada Solar industry has invested more than $834 million on the installation of the solar plants. It has also been established that the project will install 2,408 MW of solar electric capacity over the next five years. The data that has been collected from the methodologies are as follows: Location Boulder City, Nevada, America General First parabolic trough power plant since the year 1991 Start-up date May 2007 Capacity 64MW Heat Storage Nil The customer of electricity Nevada Power Company Feed-in-tariff Nil The author has mainly used the quantitative method as the method has helped to validate the already constructed theories. The quantitative theory has mainly chosen to simplify the research findings at the point when the data are based on the random samples of adequate size (Mertens 2014). Discussion of Results The evaluation has been successful as with the help of evaluation, the author has found that the Nevada Solar One was a sustainable project. The Nevada Solar One went online in the month of June in the year 2007. This in turn helped in the creation of 800 construction jobs out of which 30 jobs were permanent operation jobs (Leung and Yang 2012). The feedback that is associated with the result of evaluation is based on the program that does not allow for the explanation of the results in terms of the accomplishment as well as efficiency. This is because, evaluation itself manipulate the success of the project (Androutsos et al. 2014). The findings are robust under the quantitative evaluation design as it helped to provide the details of capacity and turbine of the power projects. The limitation of the evaluation studies are as follows: It is not always possible to obtain all sorts of information with the help of the collective structured data particularly when it is about comparing two different types of projects. It is not always possible to get the numerical details about an energy project by browsing through the internet. The information which is attained through questionnaires is not always correct and might be inappropriate. There are sometimes difficulties that arise while collecting the details that are based in the contextual factors. This contextual factor in turn helps to explain the variations in the behavior between the family circle and the society. The studies which are involved are expensive and also consume a lot of time. As a result, the preface results are not often available. The instruments are also not modified and this result in the rigidity of the methods involved in the business. If the researcher tries to reduce the data into numbers that will in turn result in to the lost of the information. If the variables are untested, that may lead to the account for the impact on the program (Devine-Wright 2014). References Androutsos, O., Apostolidou, E., Iotova, V., Socha, P., Birnbaum, J., Moreno, L., De Bourdeaudhuij, I., Koletzko, B. and Manios, Y., 2014. Process evaluation design and tools used in a kindergarten based, family involved intervention to prevent obesity in early childhood. The ToyBox study.Obesity reviews,15(S3), pp.74-80. Creswell, J.W., 2013.Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage publications. Devine-Wright, P. ed., 2014.Renewable Energy and the Public: from NIMBY to Participation. Routledge. Ehlers, S., Roeder, V., Kather, A., Singh, P. and Davison, J., 2014. Energetic Evaluation of Different Flow Sheet Modifications of Post-Combustion CO 2 Capture Plant at Coal and Natural Gas Fired Power Plant for a Generic Improved Solvent.Energy Procedia,63, pp.1029-1039. Kurihara, M. and Hanakawa, M., 2013. Mega-ton Water System: Japanese national research and development project on seawater desalination and wastewater reclamation.Desalination,308, pp.131-137. Leung, D.Y. and Yang, Y., 2012. Wind energy development and its environmental impact: a review.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,16(1), pp.1031-1039. Mertens, D.M., 2014.Research and evaluation in education and psychology: Integrating diversity with quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods. Sage publications. Nflibrary.ca. (2016).Aerial view of tops of Sir Adam Beck 1 2, and Robert Moses Power Plant - Details. [online] Available at: https://www.nflibrary.ca/nfplindex/show.asp?b=1id=99844 [Accessed 30 Jun. 2016]. Northrup, J.M. and Wittemyer, G., 2013. Characterising the impacts of emerging energy development on wildlife, with an eye towards mitigation.Ecology Letters,16(1), pp.112-125. Ousterhout, J.N. and Olson, D., 2013. Power Generation Using Simultaneous Capture of Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal Energy.Journal of Technology, Management Applied Engineering,29(2). Spiteri, R. (2015).Hydro tunnel 'performing exactly as designed'.Niagara Falls Review. Retrieved 30 June 2016, from https://www.niagarafallsreview.ca/2015/01/16/hydro-tunnel-performing-exactly-as-designed Swain, A.D. and Guttmann, H.E., 1983.Handbook of human-reliability analysis with emphasis on nuclear power plant applications. Final report(No. NUREG/CR-1278; SAND-80-0200). Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (USA). Tahseen, S. and Karney, B.W., 2016. Exploring the Multifaceted Role of Pumped Storage at Niagara.Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, p.05016007. Tian, Y. and Zhao, C.Y., 2013. A review of solar collectors and thermal energy storage in solar thermal applications.Applied Energy,104, pp.538-553. Tourniagarafalls.com. (2016).Sir Adam Beck Generating Stations | Chariots of Fire - Toronto to Niagara Tours. [online] Available at: https://www.tourniagarafalls.com/blog/sir-adam-beck-generating-stations [Accessed 30 Jun. 2016]. Yin, R.K., 2013.Case study research: Design and methods. Sage publications.

Critique of the Plan

Question: Discuss the difficulty in implementation, time requirement analysis, cultural change requirement and formation of new institutional structures. Answer: Difficulty in implementation It is easily said than done; implementing a low carbon emission plan would require participation from various stakeholders, such as citizen, government, and private sector at large. Increasing carbon emission entails thoughtfulness from every individual and their participation in restricting the same, through practicing green environment. City structure also impact implementation process, for example Chongqing is highly populated region of China, services are still underdeveloped in the region as it is dominated by agriculture sector (Fridley, Khanna, Hong, 2012) . Further there is involvement of several stakeholders in the process such as government, transport companies, developers and many others; it requires planning and coordination among all. However, if segregation is made, each plan implementation require involvement of specific set of people, therefore there is less involvement. Further, there is no compulsion towards implementing all recommended strategies at a go; rather it is advisable to implement strategies one by one. Therefore, this plan is not difficult to implement, it provides adequate time frame to cover recommended strategies one by one so that they can be give desired outcome. Time requirement analysis Plan for low carbon emission is holistic; it covers wide range of sources that generate carbon emission, reason and solution for the same. However, this plan implementation is a time consuming process. There are certain strategies that will take less time to implement and certain long term. However, there is need for segregating these strategies and evaluate their impact. For instance, in short run government can implement awareness programs for citizens that will help them in understanding long run impact of carbon emission, their role in controlling the same and need for doing so; further implementing energy efficient cars is also short term strategy (cq.gov.cn, 2012). However, changing building strictures will take huge time to implement. Cultural change requirement Changing citizen attitude and habits toward energy efficiency will be tough and time consuming goal. It requires continuous awareness and action by citizens to control carbon emission. For example, collecting garbage in segregating manner require effort by citizens. Further, restructuring of buildings is also a long term goal with short term effect. Restructuring of building is another resource abundance task, which also requires huge capital and other resource. Though this plan provide tax and financial benefits as a tool to attract citizen participation but it is difficult that to save 1 percent of tax people will shift their houses. However, it requires legal regulations which enforce people to take action (Xuezhang, 2007). There is need towards cultural shift in favor energy efficiency economy; still the low carbon idea in Chongqing is at introductory stage. Presently major strategies that are helping low carbon emission are administrative techniques; however, there is risk of carbon trading in the market. Cultural initiatives are require helping people in including change towards energy efficient approach in their daily lifestyle; small initiatives starting from home; office will help in saving huge energy in long run. For instance, there is fear of lock-in-effect also as being resource intensive region has high carbon takes which needs to be lower down; however, it would be time consuming to implement such behavioral and habituated changes in the market. Rising concern among local people will also help in strengthening overall funding also. Therefore, there is need for cultural shift in terms of lifestyle and daily habits(Yuanzhai Hongyu, 2013). Resource intensive Implementing recommended transport plan involves high resource requirement in terms of time, cost, and other factors. Obstacle in transport development is geographical, therefore difficult to remove. Though the Creating a congestion charge zone was effective in London but its success in Chongqing is not assured as there is low availability of alternative mode of transport which makes it less effective; another risk is that people might drive alternative long routes to save congestion charge which might end up leading to more carbon emission and pollution. However the plan for promoting energy efficient cars is very lucrative, it does not require much resource or time (Pettinger, 2011). It will be easy to implement through proper promotional and awareness technique. Though the BRT technique is expected to be effective however developing cable cars is again a time taking strategic action. However, as cable cars were used previously as a mode of transport in Chongqing, it will be a feas ible strategy. Further, funding scheme is effective approach to discourage energy consuming projects in the city and promote energy saving green environment through tax modifications. However the plan represents tax as primary source of fund for implementing this change plan; therefore there is need for planning other ways such as formation of new institutions for carbon efficiency, launching new plans, joining international plans to raise fund. Formation of new institutional structures In order to gather funding for these different programs, there is need for forming new institutional structures that focus on sole issue of carbon emission. However, it is not mandatory, but there is requirement of international program facilitation. For example, partnering with different environmental agencies, international environment or population oriented strategic initiatives (Yvonne, 2014). It is required to increase investment on environmental protection initiatives, technological innovations, and increase popularity of carbon education. Formation of new institutional structure will help in better performance evaluation, focused approach towards this plan. Administration difficulty Though lucrative plans have been set for implementing low carbon emission, funding and regulatory needs but there is lack of detailed analysis that provide information on separate allocation of funding, as it will help in understanding gap between resource availability and requirements. Similarly, there is an advisory system at place but it is recommended to implement performance evaluation system which will help in setting benchmark and evaluate performance towards the same (Khanna, Fridley, Hong, 2013). It is not very difficult to administrate the progress; different technological tools can be used for doing same. Presented project on low carbon emission is a systematic plan that covers different areas of concern, its reason and possible solution. Further execution will require persistent support from various stakeholder and continuous evaluation mechanism to gauge the progress. Bibliography cq.gov.cn. (2012, March). Peoples Government of Chongqing City, 2012. The action plan for Chongqings low carbon pilot city (in Chinese). Retrieved January 13, 2016, from cq.gov.cn: https://www.cq.gov.cn/gw/FaguiQuery/GwShowWithLogo.aspx?gwz=%E6%B8%9D%E5% BA%9C%E5%8F%91gwnh=2009gwqh=95. Fridley, D., Khanna, N. Z., Hong, L. (2012). Review of Chinas Low-Carbon City Initiative and Developments in the Coal Industry. China Energy Group . Khanna, N. Z., Fridley, D., Hong, L. (2013). Evaluating Chinas pilot low-carbon city initiative: national goals and local plans. U.S. Department of Energy. Pettinger, T. (2011, November 7). Pros and Cons of a Congestion Charge. Retrieved January 13, 2016, from www.economicshelp.org: https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/143/transport/how-effective-is-a-congestion-charge/ Xuezhang, C. (2007). Experiences and revelations of rresource-based city transformation in foreign countries. Journal of Hubei Normal University, 47-49. Yuanzhai, F., Hongyu, L. (2013). Constraints and Countermeasures: To Promote Low-Carbon Economy Development of Resource-Based Citie. Management Science and Engineering , 41-44. Yvonne, R. (2014). Review: Governing for Sustainable Urban Development. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 244-246.