Denmark vs America

In this essay I would like to tell about the differences and similarities in Denmark and America. I will tell good stuff and bad stuff, and you will be able to hear my opinoin as well. Denmark and America are way different from each other, but at the same time we’re a bit alike. We see a lot of teenage movies, and about 95 percent of them are from the states, the other 5 percent are from our own country. We see a lot about the teenage lifestyle through these movies, and no matter if we want or not, then we all create an image in our heads about how the lifestyle is. Now I’m so lucky that I’ve actually tried to live the real teenage life in America, and yes, I would say that the image that I had about the American life, was very true. But there is this thing called drama, which teenage movies love to use as exaggeration. So thank goodness that there’s not all that drama in real life. The coolest thing about high schools in the states is that high schools love to have dances, and they spend a lot of energy into planning them, and they spend a lof of money on them, and high school kids love these dances. Prom, for example, is the most important dance of the year, and everybody is talking about it all year. Here in Denmark we just have a random school dance where everybody drinks their brains out, and can’t remember anything the next day and people is only thinking about wearing the smallest outfits that they can find. I’m tempted to say that the exact opposite is the case in in the states, because in the states they are trying to find the biggest dresses, and they don’t drink. This brings me to the next subject that I want to talk about, alcohol. In America you can’t drink untill you’re twenty-one, where as here on the other side of the world, you can drink when you’re sixteen. I think both these ages are a bit ridiculous, the one in Denmark is too low, and the one in America is too high, it should be around eighteen. One thing that I don’t like about the U. S is all the crime; I know that crime is starting to escalate here in Denmark, but it’s still much worse in the U.  S. People are walking around with guns on them; children get kidnapped daily, which is the worst when that happens. When a child gets kidnapped, it’s all over the news and media, and this is called an Amber Alert. I tried that when I was in America, it was terrifying, police men everywhere, helicopters, news people reporting live twenty-four seven. Unfortunately they didn’t find the kid alive; they found the kid only a few blocks away from its house. America has a ton of fast food restaurants which of course cause all the really fat people, who can barely walk. Here in Denmark we don’t have that many fast food restaurants, but we have the most famous ones, and we’re acyually not skinny anymore. So my conclusion is that Denmark and America are different because of the rules and laws we have in each country, here I’m thinking of the drinking age and drivers license. We like to do the same things, such as school dances and parties, but it will never be the same because of the way we’re raised.

Ghosts and Supernatural with close reference to ‘The Woman in Black’ and ‘Violet Car’ Essay

Ghost stories are all about death and dying. They help us to understand what happens after we die. They try to build up people’s fear of death and dying. They use people’s fear to build up suspense. Sometimes the author of the book will use the characters in the book to keep the reader wondering, grieving people sometime imagine things and the author can use this to keep the reader interested in the book. The reader would be wondering if it is the imagination of the character or a real ghost. Often ghost stories are based on someone’s premature or violent death. Some stories can use this to add more fear, because it could be an ordinary person that gets killed. Sometimes the author writes as if it had happened to them, this could help the reader to believe the story more. The ‘Violet Car’ is about the violent death of a young girl. The man that had killed Mr. Eldridge’s daughter was driving though the village in his violet car. He pulled up to Mr. Eldridge, and asked him for directions to Hexham. It was a foggy day, and Mr. Eldridge didn’t like the driver so he told him that it was straight on, and the driver drove straight of the edge of a cliff. Mr. Eldridge was haunted with the pictures of the car driving off the cliff and everyday he saw it. The only way that he could stop the visions was to stop the car from driving off the edge of the cliff. Mr. Eldridge stood on the corner of the road to stop the car as it came round the corner, it hit Mr. Eldridge and knocked him to the ground. The cause of death was heart failure, but he was really killed by the same car that had killed his daughter. ‘The Woman in Black’ is about a ghost that haunts Eel Marsh House, an isolated house with a very dark secret. There is a ghost of a young woman that lost her son on the marshes near Eel Marsh House, which haunts the house. Mr. Drablow, the previous owner, died and Arthur Kipps is sent to sort out every thing in the house and make sure all the legal documents are correct. The ghost is of a woman called Jennet Humfrye, who had a son but was not allowed to keep him so she gave him up to Alice Drablow. Jennet came to see here son all the time and one day the child had been out in the town and come back on a horse and cart, but it had gone off the tracks and into the marsh. Arthur hears noises on the marsh of people dying, drowning in the mud of the marshes. Every time the ghost is seen a baby dies, but when no child died they thought that the curse of the old house had ended, but Arthur’s child and wife die in an accident and the woman in black was left to haunt Crythin Gifford. The books are similar in many aspects, they are both written in the first person. Writing in first person is a common practice by Authors to make the reader believe the story more. ‘The Woman in Black’ is written as if you are Arthur and the ‘Violet Car’ is written from the point of view of the nurse. They are similar because they both try and achieve the same thing, just using different techniques. Susan Hill keeps the readers attention by using short sharp sentences, whereas Edith Nesbit uses lots of descriptions to keep the attention of the reader. ‘The Woman in Black’ uses lots of very good descriptive words; they are very good for working up the suspense even more. ‘The Woman in Black’ and ‘Violet Car’ are both based on grief, ‘The Woman in Black’ is the grief of Jennet, the ‘Violet Car’ is about Mr. Eldridge and the grief he had because he sent the car off the edge of the cliff. In ‘The Woman in Black’ Susan Hill make an eerie atmosphere by using short onomatopoeic sentences such as, â€Å"Bump. Bump. Pause. Bump. Bump. Pause. Bump. Bump. Bump. Bump. Bump. Bump† This kind of sentence helps to build up anticipation and anxiety. It is like you want to find out what is going to happen next but are too scared to find out. She does not use cliffhangers at the end of a chapter; however she does use them at the end of some paragraphs. The ‘Violet Car’ is a very different book in that respect, Edith Nesbit writes in a different way to Susan Hill. E. Nesbit didn’t write in short sentences; instead she told the story in a way that made you want to continue reading. Both the stories are traditional well told ghost stories that use different techniques to get the same result. They are both interesting and exciting and the kind of story that you don’t want to put down because it is so full of suspense. I think that ‘The Woman in Black’ is a better ghost story because a lot more happens in it and it has a more complex plot to the ‘Violet Car’, however ‘The Woman in Black’ is a book whereas the ‘Violet Car’ is a short story. ‘The Woman in Black’ was described has ‘Heartstoppingly chilling’ and I agree with this.

The Dawros Bay

The Dawros Bay Hotel has recently major financial problems. It is partly because of the economic crisis, but also because of the loss of our clientele. In order to bring back our customers , management appointed me as a new Restaurant manager. The management have lso set their objectives of providing excellent food with 5* as there unique selling point. Therefore, to increase our working effecience and quality of restaurant proper training will be provided as first.This training manual will indroduce you with some new Standard operating procedures which I believe will help us to become succesfull and profitable Restaurant. Daniel Hovancak Restaurant Manager The Importance of Training Training is one of our crucial factor to become succesful and profitable restaurant. It will help you ( as an employee ) to become more efficient and productive if you are trained well.Lillcrap (2010) defines training as the systematic developmnet of people, where the the general objectives are to : Incr ease the quantity and quality of output by improving employee skills Reduce accidents Make the operation more profitable by reducing the amount of equipment and material required to produce or sell in a given unit Make it possible for restaurant manager, or restaurant supervisors to spend less time correcting mistakes and more time in planning Enable new employees to meet their Job requirements and enable experienced employees to accept transfers and increase efficiency in work Definition of Standard Operating ProceduresStandard operating procedures (SOP) are detailed explanation of how a policy is to be implemented. An effective SOP communicates who will perform the task, what materials are necessary, where the task will take place, when the task shall be performed and how the person will execute the task. The purpose of a SOP is to give detailed directions. This means that every single member of Food and Berverge staff in Dawross Bay Hotel can do a Job correctly, on time and what is very important every time..Every SOP iw written will be presented to be more effective, Training that includes hands-on learning activities ill help you to learn and remember information more readily. Every member of F&B staff will be regularly monitored after trainig to make sure you are following training procedures. In general, according to his personal opinion, I believe there are 4 aspects that should be included in his Training Manual as Standard Operating Procedures. These are as follow: 1. How to make make perfect Espresoo 3. Upselling 4.

Article # 4 (due 10-12) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Article # 4 (due 10-12) - Essay Example Provider operational issues arise as a result of the huge consumption of energy because some departments in the health care providers may require more energy than the other department. This is because some department may use more advanced machinery than others. According to the study work of Brimmer (2012), 76 percent of the health care provider’s finances get used to provide energy to the facility. This puts pressure on the management to find other sources of finances to facilitate the operations of other department. From the financial records of most health care facilities, lighting of the facilities and machineries also uses prodigious amount of energy this makes the operations department of the health care provider to use lighting conservation features. Focusing too much finance in one area depletes the finances of the health care providers hindering the other departments from working properly (Brimmer, 2012). Energy being a core aspect in the organizational operations, it is essential for the management to use energy saving tips to reduce the amount energy in

The Real World of Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 3

The Real World of Management - Essay Example the direction of using specific analytical and evaluative methodological tools which can help to identify, promote and evaluate the quality of learning procedures inside organizations. (Easterby-Smith and Araujo 1999). The coming out of the idea of the ‘learning organization’ is covered with that possibly by defining contribution provides a theoretical framework connecting the know-how of living in a circumstance where there is increased change with the consequent need for learning. Loss of the stable state means that our society and all of its institutions are always encountering transformation. We cannot look forward to new constant states that will last for our own lifetimes. We must therefore learn to appreciate, direct, manipulate and manage these changes. We not only have to be in a position to be capable to change our institutions, in relation to the emerging changing situations in the collaborating organization; but must also be in a position to invent and develop institutions which are capable of bringing about their own continuing transformation. (Schon 1973) Efficiency and healthy competition are, by far and wide a function of knowledge generation and processing information about the market, firms and territories are prearranged in networks of production, management and distribution, the core economic activities are global that is, they are capable to work as a unit in real time, or given time, on a environmental scale. (Castells 2001) The Learning Company is a vision of what might be possible. It is not arrived at by simply training individuals; this only happens as a result of learning at the whole organization structure. A Learning organization facilitates the training of all its members and continuously transforming itself. (Pedler et. al. 1991) The international disintegration of production in global value chains, driven by technological progress, cost, access to resources and markets, and trade policy reforms, challenges the way we look

Various Marketing Management Topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Various Marketing Management Topics - Essay Example The copy attempts to take the communication process forward through the affective stage and the all important behavior stage by subtle psychological appeal to the viewer's intelligence. It asserts the viewer sees things differently, likes challenges. There will be hardly anybody who disagrees with this. The affective stage is definitely crossed. There is a distinct possibility for crossing the behavior stage. The word flossing to replace crossing in the 'warning sign' of a wild life sanctuary has multiple connotations: the simplest meaning of the word flossing is using a fine silk thread for dental hygiene; other meanings relate to its use in crocheting, its use to describe fine engraving in sculpting (architecture) and finally for the modern technologically minded, its use in robotics. The leaping deer, the warning sign and the apparently incorrect word flossing in place of crossing are all incongruous with the word game and the caption You can always spot an Up Words player that is seen in the advertisement - these are designed to attract selective attention of the viewer. There is however the possibility that the advertisement may remind the viewer the current campaign/s for animal rights and wild life preservation (amplification). The viewer will then totally miss the point (leveling) - that the advertisement is for a word game UpWords - if he does not closely follow the copy in smaller print. In either case the viewer is likely to retain the apparently misspelled flossing for crossing and the predominance of the leaping deer. If the viewer reads the text in smaller print this will help the advertiser in creating a lasting impression. Otherwise the distorted image will wither away after some time. The communication objectives the game manufacturer may set for the advertisement may be based on two consumer attributes: high involvement (the buyer has a predisposition for intellectual games as against outdoor games like base ball) and high product differentiation (there are few players in the field). The six stages in the viewer's buying process will then involve awareness, knowledge, liking, preference, conviction and purchase. The advertisement under study creates awareness, knowledge, combines liking preference and conviction into one as we have detailed above and induces purchase. The communication then follows the sequence: what to say (content), how to say it logically (structure), how to say it symbolically (format) and who should say it (source). As we have seen the text has a psychological angle, it appeals to the ego of the viewer. The format is designed to arouse interest with a strong visual and optimal copy combining the relevant (the copy) with the symbolic (the visual of the deer, the park and the sign). The source of the message is the well-known word game manufacturers Scrabble that lends it credibility. Absolut Vodka (Chapter 20): Vodka is generally considered a commodity. Yet in the market there is an astonishing amount of brand loyalty and preference based on brand image. The image of a brand is how the consumer perceives it. The perception is based on practical experience and how well the experience meets expectations. For non-users it is based on uninformed impressions, attitudes and beliefs. A strong or favorable image therefore can be created by constantly delivering

THEARTER the play The Zoo Story by Edward Albee Thesis

THEARTER the play The Zoo Story by Edward Albee - Thesis Example Jerry is an fairly attractive, repressed homosexual male in his late thirties whose demeanor suggests a man who has known better days. It is difficult to determine Jerry's exact socio-economic status because, although he has clearly fallen on hard times, living in a single room in a boarding house along with an assortment of society's rejects, Jerry is very intelligent and it is clear from his few, reported possessions, that he is probably a writer, or at the very least, a struggling writer. Jerry comes from a lower class background than Peter and has never known life on the upper east side of Manhattan. Jerry initiates the action at the beginning of the play in a direct, aggressive manner telling Peter, a total stranger, "I said, I've been to the zoo. MISTER, I'VE BEEN TO THE ZOO!" He is clearly the one with a mission and that mission is to make a connection with another human being. His desire is so strong that it is the driving force of the play. Once Jerry connects with Peter by eliciting his attention with the promise of "what happened at the zoo", he is able to unburden himself with his life story that culminates in "THE STORY OF JERRY AND THE DOG".

Strategic Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategic Management - Research Paper Example The mission of the company needs to be different and very clear. The important areas of mission statement include who we are, what is our business, what products do we offer, and why we chose the particular business. The important issues that will be addressed by the company in the global business environment include equal employment opportunities, child labor, and environmental factors. INTRODUCTION Tolapp Corporation is a successful US manufacturing company located in Tennessee that builds power tools, lawn mowers, lawn furniture, microwaves, and ranges. All products are manufactured locally and sold through large retailers like Sears, Best Buy, and Wal-Mart. They have sale papers inserted in every Wednesday and Sunday paper. Although they have a thriving business in the US and Canada, Tolapp is trying to break into the global marketplace. DISCUSSION Part 1 A). How would you go about defining the identity of Tolapp Corporation and creating its mission statement? The identity of Tol app Corporation can be defined by understanding the industry in which it operates i.e. power tools and lawn equipment industry. An important factor in defining the identity of Tolapp Corporation is competitors’ profile. In order to establish an identity, it is critical to focus on specific market segments and products. For instance, the company can focus on appliances or power lawn equipment. There are different ways through which the mission statement of the company can be developed. The most important factor that should be considered when creating a mission statement is the overall objective or scope of the industry. After this, it is important to identify and evaluate mission statements of other companies operating in the industry (Abrahams, 2004). The mission of the company needs to be different and very clear. The important areas of mission statement include who we are, what is our business, what products do we offer, and why we chose the particular business. The mission statement of Tolapp will be communicated to all employees in order to ensure that they share common goals. The purpose of communicating mission statement to all employees and stakeholders is to ensure that it remains real. B). Where would you look for the information? The places that would be accessed for information include websites of companies operating in the power tool industry, industry reports, industry publications, and scholarly journals. In addition, industry reports of lawn equipment and appliance industry will also be accessed. C). What do you already know about Able that can help? Following are the things that we already know about Tolapp Corporation: The first thing about Tolapp Corporation that we know is its origin. Tolapp Corporation is a company that is located in the United States. The company is present in Tennessee, a U.S. state. The second point about Tolapp Corporation is its business. The main business of the company is manufacturing. The products of the com pany include lawn furniture, lawn mowers, microwaves, and other products. The third point about the corporation is its production and distribution. The company manufactures its products locally. The products are distributed and sold with distributors such as Sears, Wal-Mart, and Best Buy. All these are famous retailers. The company is operating successfully in the United States and Canada. The company is also striving to expand its operations to other parts of the world. The company launches sales

Hotel Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hotel Marketing - Case Study Example PDR Hotels and Resorts is a world-renowned travel destination for many tourists around the world. Being a luxury hotel usually known to be situated in primary areas of every location where they are situated in, PDR Hotels and Resorts hold a strong sense of market control in terms of attracting travelers to book in their facilities found mainly in the United Kingdom, Dublin, Paris, New York, Moscow, Dubai, Singapore, India and the USA. Being well-distributed around the globe, PDR Hotels and Resorts already hold a strong and unbreakable reputation in the field of travel and tourism operations. However, as the market also changes the level of their demands from the said industry, PDR administration decides to go beyond the usual and traditional culture adapted by the organization in terms of locating their branches. Recently, the administration decides to buy a property located at the outskirts of a city. Hotel Mortloch is an old yet operating hotel that used to be recognized as a major destination for royalties during the time of its peak operations. Today though, the owners of the facility simply had other priorities to actually focus on the development of the area. Hence, PDR administration decides to take on the responsibility of reviving the reputation of the Mortloch hotel through buying the property and making it a part of their worldwide chain of operating hotels and resorts. However, approaching the need to market this particular new facility may not be as easy as 123, it should be observed. that unlike other PDR branches, this is located far from the center of the city. Besides that it has old facilities, major renovation needs to be done so as to mix the facilities of the hotel with that of the traditional appearance of PDR buildings around the

Abusive Relationship Essay Example for Free

Abusive Relationship Essay Physical, emotional, verbal, and sexual abuse are some of the different types of abuse that can be found within a relationship. The purpose of this paper is to provide a review of adolescent dating aggression, and to define, compare and contrast different points of view. The author of the novel Faultline, Janet Tashjian, describes a series of events in the life of Becky, the main character of the story, where she is getting involved into an abusive relationship with Kip, presenting all the warning signs that every adolescent should know. This story represents the millions of adolescents that are in this same situation. I will be presenting real cases from different sources to demonstrate that adolescent dating aggression is a serious problem for many teenagers. Yet like other forms of aggression, warning signs are often present that a young couple may be at risk. By understanding these precursors we can help adolescents avoid problematic situations and instead develop healthy dating relationships that will set in place a solid foundation for satisfying relationships throughout life. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, one in four teenagers report being verbally, emotionally, physically or sexually abused in a dating relationship. The issue of dating violence is so critical that it was included in the 2005 reauthorization of the Violence Against Women Act, along with the crimes of sexual assault, domestic violence and stalking. Statistics indicate that males who are exposed to domestic violence as children are twice as likely to be abusive in their own relationships. Many teens use cell phones and computers as tools of control and abuse in dating relationships. There have been millions of reports of abuse in a relationship; one of these cases was reported by Nicky who was 12 when she fell in love with Richard who was 13. What Nicky has to show for their years together are a chipped tooth, a nose bent several degrees by his fist, three children â€Å"all of whom were born before their due dates because of beatings†, she says, a nd emotional scars that are hard to fathom in someone so young. She shares her story to Los Angeles Times: My earliest memory of abuse? I was 13. When he went into high school, I was still in junior high and he didnt trust me. One time I was wearing this see-through blouse. I had a slip on underneath it, because my parents taught me how to dress. [But] he got mad, and he pushed me on the ground and started calling me a bitch and everything. I thought, `Well hes just mad, I shouldnt have worn that. I couldnt go home. What was I gonna tell my mom? So I went to school and I put on my P.E. clothes and that is what I wore all day. In the last two decades, domestic violence has emerged from the black hole of taboo subjects to become highly visible. And what has long been happening between spouses or adult lovers is now recognized as a problem for teen-agers as well. Surveys show that about 28% of high school- and college-age students are in abusive relationships, roughly the same proportion as adults. But while adults have shelters and well-publicized hot lines, adolescents typically have only each other, if that. They often cannot or will not turn to adults for help and may not even talk to their peers. Young girls and women often do not know how to get out of abusive situations. More schools are providing programs to teach teens the warning signs of abusive relationships and provide them with the tools they need to leave violent and controlling partners. Some people think that dating violence is increasing because many girls are afraid to stand up to an aggressive and controlling boy. Others blame the violent and sexual content in the media as a contributing factor in dating violence. According to a New York Times article, â€Å"The high incidence of adolescent abuse distresses Barrie Levy, a Santa Monica therapist and a founder of the Southern California Coalition for Battered Women†. Levy, who edited the book Dating Violence: Young Women in Danger became aware of the problem in 1982 during a domestic violence education project in Los Angeles-area secondary schools. Our focus was on the development of an education program that would target adolescents, thinking that the way to start dealing with domestic violence was presumably before it started, Levy says. Violence in adolescent dating relationships is a large-scale problem, and may result in long-term trauma and psychological aftermath for victims. I provided some data, statistics, facts and opinion about this issue. An abusive relationship can be prevented if parents, teachers and counselors talk to the adolescents about the warning signs and how get away from that abusive relationship. The novel Faultline is a great example that can be used to teach teenagers about this serious topic.

The Celts Religion And Society Religion Essay

The Celts Religion And Society Religion Essay The Celts are traditionally ignored in world history textbooks and course, but the Celtic way of life, Celtic institutions, and the Celtic world view were superimposed onto Germanic and classical culture. The later monolithic European culture is greatly influenced by these early peoples. Most of what we know about Celtic life comes from Ireland-the largest and most extensive of the Celtic populations, the Gauls in central and western Europe, we only know about through Roman sources-and these sources are decidedly unfriendly to the Gauls. We know that the early Celtic societies were organized around warfare-this structure would commonly characterize cultures in the process of migration: the Celts, the Huns, and later the Germans. Although classical Greek and Roman writers considered the Celts to be violently insane, warfare was not an organized process of territorial conquest. Among the Celts, warfare seems to have mainly been a sport, focussing on raids and hunting. In Ireland, the institution of the fianna involved young, aristocratic warriors who left the tribal area for a time to conduct raids and to hunt. When the Celts came into contact with the Romans, they changed their manner of warfare to a more organized defense agains a larger army. It was these groups that the classical writers encountered and considered insane. The Celtic method of warfare was to stand in front of the opposing army and scream and beat their spears and swords against their shields. They would then run headlong into the opposing army and s creamed the entire way-this often had the effect of scaring the opposing soldiers who then broke into a run; fighting a fleeing army is relatively easy work. If the opposing army did not break ranks, the Celts would stop short of the army, return to their original position, and start the process over agina. Celtic society was hierarchical and class-based. Tribes were led by kings but political organizations were remarkably plastic. According to both Roman and Irish sources, Celtic society was divided into three groups: a warrior aristocracy, an intellectual class that included druids, poets, and jurists, and everyone else. Society was tribal and kinship-based; ones ethnic identity was largely derived from the larger tribal group, called the tuath (too-awth) in Irish (meaning people) but ultimately based on the smallest kinship organizational unit, the clan, called the cenedl (ke-na-dl), or kindred, in Irish. The clan provided identity and protection-disputes between individuals were always disputes between clans. Since it was the duty of the clan to protect individuals, crimes against an individual would be prosecuted against an entire clan. One of the prominent institutions among the Celts was the blood-feud in which murder or insults against an individual would require the entire clan to violently exact retribution. The blood-feud was in part avoided by the institution of professional mediators. At least an Ireland, a professional class of jurists, called brithem, would mediate disputes and exact reparations on the offending clan. Even though Celtic society centered around a warrior aristocracy, the position of women was fairly high in Celtic society. In the earliest periods, women participated both in warfare and in kingship. While the later Celts would adopt a strict patriarchal model, they still have a memory of women leaders and warriors. Celtic society was based almost entirely on pastoralism and the raising of cattle or sheep; there was some agriculture in the Celtic world, but not much. The importance of cattle and the pastoral life created a unique institution in Celtic, particularly Irish, life: the cattle-raid. The stealing of another groups cattle was often the proving point of a group of young warriors; the greatest surviving Irish myth, the TÃ ¡in BÃ ³ Cualingne, or The Cattle Raid of Cooley, centers around one such mythically-enhanced cattle-raid. There was no urbanization of any kind among the Celts until the advent of Roman rule; in Ireland, urbanization did not occur until the Danish and Norwegian invasions. Society was not based on trade or commerce; what trade took place was largely in the form of barter. Celtic economy was probably based on the economic principle of most tribal economies: reciprocity. In a reciprocal economy, goods and other services are not exchanged for other goods, but they are given by individuals to individuals based on mutual kinship relationships and obligations. (A family economy is typical of a reciprocal economy-parents and children give each other material goods and services not in trade but because they are part of a family). Religion From the nineteenth century onwards, Celtic religion has enjoyed a fascination among modern Europeans and European-derived cultures. In particular, the last few decades have seen a phenomenal growth not only interest in Celtic religion, but in religious practices in part derived from Celtic sources. For all this interest, however, we know next to nothing about Celtic religion and practices. The only sources for Celtic religious practices were written by Romans and Greeks, who considered the Celts little more than animals, and by later Celtic writers in Ireland and Wales who were writing from a Christian perspective. Simply put, although the Celts had a rich and pervasive religious culture, it has been permanently lost to human memory. We can make some general comments about Celtic religion based on the often-hostile accounts of classical writers. The Celts were polytheistic; these gods were ultimately derived from more primitive, Indo-European sources that gave rise to the polytheistic religions of Greece, Persia, and India. The Romans in trying to explain these gods, however, linked them with Roman gods as did the Romanized Gauls-so we really have no idea as to the Celtic character of these gods and their functions. We do know that Celtic gods tended to come in threes; the Celtic logic of divinity almost always centered on triads. This triadic logic no doubt had tremendous significance in the translation of Christianity into northern European cultural models. It is almost certain that the material world of the Celts was suffused with divinity that was both advantageous and harmful. Certain areas were considered more charged with divinity than others, especially pools, lakes and small groves, which were the sites of the cental ritual activities of Celtic life. The Celts were non-urbanized and according to Roman sources, Celtic ritual involved no temples or building structures-Celtic ritual life, then, was centered mainly on the natural environment. Celtic ritual life centered on a special class, called the druides or druids by the Romans, presumably from a Gaulish word. Although much has been written about druids and Celtic ritual practice, we know next to nothing about either. Heres what we can gather. As a special group, the druids performed many of the functions that we would consider priestly functions, including ritual and sacrifice, but they also included functions that we would place under education and law. These rituals and practices were probably kept secret-a tradition common among early Indo-European peoples-which helps to explain why the classical world knows nothing about them. The only thing that the classical sources attest is that the druids performed barbaric or horrid rituals at lakes and groves; there was a fair amount of consensus among the Greeks and Romans that these rituals involved human sacrifice. This may or may not be true; there is some evidence of human sacrifice among the Celts, but it does not se em to have been a prevalent practice. According to Julius Caesar, who gives the longest account of druids, the center of Celtic belief was the passing of souls from one body to another. From an archaeological perspective, it is clear that the Celts believed in an after-life, for material goods are buried with the dead. http://www.wsu.edu/~dee/MA/CELTS.HTM

Functions of Management | Reflective Essay

Functions of Management | Reflective Essay About Management Processes From the Business Strategy Game, I learned that first important process for a company to determine its future business path was to set a strategic and realistic planning about what is the company goal, how long the goal will be achieved and how to achieve the goal among the competition. In setting the plan, company should define first what is their mission statement or strategic vision. This mission statement is a statement which indicates the purposes and activities of the companys business/goals in brief, clear and focus words. Along with mission statement, company must clearly define its objectives quantitatively within certain period. From these quantitative objectives, company could set a realistic and attainable long term strategic planning to allocate budget and resources in the company. In strategic planning, company should define clearly its target market, financial objective and competitive position among the industry. This strategic planning will be the direction of the co mpany in running its business. After setting the strategic planning, company should design an organization structure to manage the company effectively, by designating persons who will in charge in each roles and held responsibility in each area of the business in the company (marketing, finance, operation, sales and so on), especially the person who will be responsible as the leader of the company (as CEO). The role of CEO is very essential because he/she must lead company to the right direction in implementing company strategy to achieve companys objectives. From the clear and effective organization structure, CEO and management will have clear legitimation and authority in directing all resources in the company to implement the companys strategy. Finally, the company should closely and intensively controlling and monitoring the performance of the strategy during implementation to assess its progress against the pre-defined targets and ensure that all the company elements were doing their parts and responsibility in the right track. About Management Functions In a company, management should establish the right and important functions which will run the company operational activities, define what are the responsibilities of each functions and ensure that each functions performed in accordance with the company objectives. In order to give more value to the company in terms of profitability, management should work together to set a strategy in making companys output (product or services) more competitive in the market by considering all aspects involved. As an example, to gain more profitability company could set pricing strategy to be higher or lower compare to market but before decided the price, company should consider other aspects such as costs, quality and resources needed in creation of the product or services. About Working in Teams In working as a team member in the company, it is very important to determine a clear designation about who will act as the leader and the follower. Because if theres no clear designation, potentially will cause the resources in the company to move to the wrong direction and this will destruct company effort in achieving its objectives. As a leader, a person should show the ability to manage and to coach the entire team member to do their tasks properly, and he/she should has willingness to listen and appreciation to his/her followers insights at the same time. And as a follower, one should give respect to the leader and obey the leader decisions. But it is important too for the company to define what is the follower assignment and designation, because if it is not clearly defined, the follower couldnt perform nor contributed optimally in attaining companys objective process. What I plan to do in my work place from the experience and lessons I took from the BSG are : As the leader of my unit I will put more effort to be an effective and efficient leader of my unit and will put more awareness to all my team member that our jobs especially in designing the most efficient operational work flow in my company has essential impact in saving the company budget and optimizing company resources which will contributed in achieving the companys objective especially in financial aspect and giving more value to the customer and shareholder. And furthermore I will spend more time and effort to evaluate designation and job description for each member of my team, to put the right person to the right job and responsibility. If the designation and job description were not fit or not clear to the team member, it will impact to the performance of the working unit itself because each team member do not know exactly what is their role in their working unit. As a member of my management team I will put more consideration and attention about financial impact of any decision that my management made. From the BSG, I see that all activities in each working unit must be contributed and affected to the company strategic planning especially in achieving financial goals. And I will put more respect to any member and any decision of my management team made, even though sometimes the decision seems to be hard to be implement, I will try to see it from wider perspective that the decision must be made deliberately and considered many important aspects which ending is to give more value for the company.

College Admissions Essay: The Importance of Disabilities Awareness :: College Admissions Essays

The Importance of Disabilities Awareness    Disabilities Awareness has played an important role in my life. My present interest in it grew out of my early involvement as a child. In elementary school I was given the chance to serve as a student judge for disabilities awareness art contests sponsored by the NYS Commission on Quality of Care. Children from schools all across New York State were asked to send in drawings to express their personal message of equality and acceptance of people with disabilities. It was frightening to see how many drawings inadvertently depicted a negative message instead of the positive one called for by the contest guidelines. Later I experienced the same feeling when I judged a disabilities awareness writing contest and read many of the entries submitted by middle school students.    After seeing so many negative representations of people with disabilities, I decided I wanted to do something to help change the common misconceptions the general public had. I started to take notice of the challenges that people with disabilities faced every day. Some of them were concrete problems like the inaccessibility of buildings and the lack of accessible public transportation. I began to notice where people with disabilities couldn't go. I began to see that some of the worst challenges they faced, however, were attitude problems like the endless teasing or using the names of different disabilities as insults. I began to notice how people communicated (or failed to communicate) with disabled people. I observed that people thought someone with a disability was only a disability, therefore less human, and inferior to us. Expectations were low for them and they were more often sitting alone in a school cafeteria or not included in social events after school.    I hoped that my involvement in a New York State publication like the Disabilities Awareness Newsletter would help correct some of the misconceptions and lack of information I observed in my own world. I began to write articles that centered around positive accomplishments achieved by active members of our community who happen to have a disability.

Aristophanes and Homoeroticism: Admiration or Scorn? :: Aristophanes Homoeroticism Papers

In reading the comedies of Aristophanes, modern readers are able to catch a rich glimpse of the gender norms and expectations of his time. Visions of power-hungry, crafty women and bumbling, foolish men pervade his plays and reveal ancient Greek views and stereotypes regarding male and female roles. One of the more complicated concepts to grasp, however, is Aristophanes’ true sentiment regarding homosexual love and practice. The aim of this paper is to compare Aristophanes’ presentation of homoeroticism in The Women at the Thesmophoria to that of his speech in Plato’s Symposium and attempt to clarify the playwright’s stance on the matter. In these two works, Aristophanes offers a mix of mocking and approving sentiments oh homosexual men and the practice of homosexuality itself. As he is a comedian, Aristophanes immerses his characters in satire in order to gain laughs from the audience; by looking carefully at the texts, we can see he does not actually see homoeroticism as an institution to be derided and ridiculed. To begin, an examination of The Women at the Thesmophoria can provide valuable insights into the prevailing culture’s notion of homosexual relations. Just before Euripides and the Kinsman reached Agathon’s house, they discussed the poet briefly: Euripides: There is an Agathon †¦ Kinsman: You mean the suntanned one, strong guy? Euripides: No, a different one. You’ve never seen him? Kinsman: The one with the full beard? Euripides: You’ve never seen him? Kinsman: By Zeus, never, as far as I can recall. Euripides: Well, you must have fucked him, though you might not know it (38-45). This exchange, which foreshadowed the entrance of Agathon, provides us with a clear idea of how a man ought to look: tan, strong, and bearded. The joke here is that Agathon was by no means a masculine man, as proven by Euripides’ last comment, which solidifies Agathon’s effeminacy by stating he prefers a passive sexual position. While the statement may apparently show disdain for homosexual acts in general, it actually emphasizes the lack of manliness only in taking the passive homosexual position. Aristophanes and Homoeroticism: Admiration or Scorn? :: Aristophanes Homoeroticism Papers In reading the comedies of Aristophanes, modern readers are able to catch a rich glimpse of the gender norms and expectations of his time. Visions of power-hungry, crafty women and bumbling, foolish men pervade his plays and reveal ancient Greek views and stereotypes regarding male and female roles. One of the more complicated concepts to grasp, however, is Aristophanes’ true sentiment regarding homosexual love and practice. The aim of this paper is to compare Aristophanes’ presentation of homoeroticism in The Women at the Thesmophoria to that of his speech in Plato’s Symposium and attempt to clarify the playwright’s stance on the matter. In these two works, Aristophanes offers a mix of mocking and approving sentiments oh homosexual men and the practice of homosexuality itself. As he is a comedian, Aristophanes immerses his characters in satire in order to gain laughs from the audience; by looking carefully at the texts, we can see he does not actually see homoeroticism as an institution to be derided and ridiculed. To begin, an examination of The Women at the Thesmophoria can provide valuable insights into the prevailing culture’s notion of homosexual relations. Just before Euripides and the Kinsman reached Agathon’s house, they discussed the poet briefly: Euripides: There is an Agathon †¦ Kinsman: You mean the suntanned one, strong guy? Euripides: No, a different one. You’ve never seen him? Kinsman: The one with the full beard? Euripides: You’ve never seen him? Kinsman: By Zeus, never, as far as I can recall. Euripides: Well, you must have fucked him, though you might not know it (38-45). This exchange, which foreshadowed the entrance of Agathon, provides us with a clear idea of how a man ought to look: tan, strong, and bearded. The joke here is that Agathon was by no means a masculine man, as proven by Euripides’ last comment, which solidifies Agathon’s effeminacy by stating he prefers a passive sexual position. While the statement may apparently show disdain for homosexual acts in general, it actually emphasizes the lack of manliness only in taking the passive homosexual position.

Colorism: Black People and Skin Color Essay

Growing up as a youth being in an interracial family, I always experienced prejudice whether it was inside my home or out on the street. My father was an African-American, his family was accepting but all could see that they praised the fact that my skin was 5-6 shades lighter than that of my other cousins. This of course caused unresolved issues, issues that couldn’t and wouldn’t be talked about among us as children, but later on became deep conversation filled with tears and understanding because we were finally able to get from under the stigma that our parents were engulfed in because their parents had subjected them to the same treatment. While on the other hand, my mother’s side of the family is Irish, German, and Indian. They despised the fact that my father was an African-American man. I would hear my mother’s mother talk badly of my father. She even went as far as not to allow my father in her home. She was the hardest on me out of all the grand children when it came to disciplining us, because my father’s skin tone was that of a black man. They also tended to favor my mother’s eldest daughter because her father wasn’t an African-American. As a child growing up I experienced both positive and negative feedback for my skin color. But I must say that it was about 85% positive when not in the presence of my mother’s mother. Note I don’t say grandmother because she was hardly ever a grandmother toward s me, just because my skin color was that of a black girl, while my cousins were mostly fair skinned. Colorism in the United States is a stigma that won’t get lifted because of what slavery has embedded in the minds of African-Americans. According to wikipedia. com, Colorism is defined as a â€Å"Black-on-Black racism, based on skin-tone. † The discrimination is based on the idea that a person’s worth is directly related to the color of his or her skin, valuing lighter tones over darker tones. It’s commonly known that Colorism plagued the Black community after slavery and through the early to mid-twentieth century. In the early 1900’s, many black organizations, including colleges, practiced the â€Å"brown paper bag test† when accepting new members. If a person’s skin was not lighter than a brown paper bag, they would be denied admittance. Though the brown paper bag test is out of date and frowned upon as a shameful moment in African-American history, the ideals behind the practice still lingers in the African-American community. Modern-day Colorism rears its ugly head in the day to day lives of African-Americans every day. This issue has affected every hue or shade of blackness within the African-American community. In â€Å"The Color Complex† by Midge Wilson, Wilson addresses the issue by tracing the origin of Colorism, â€Å"To trace the origins of the color complex, we must return to the year 1607 when three ships sailed in Chesapeake Bay, stopping at Jamestown, Virginia, to establish the first English colony in the New World†¦.. It was a new land and a new era filled with possibilities. What might have been unthinkable in Europe and Africa was an everyday occurrence in the wilderness. Miscegenation, or race mixing, became widespread as Europeans, Africans, and Native Americans mixed their seed and substance to produce a kaleidoscope of skin tones and features. But these primary race groupings differed sharply in their civil liberties and political freedoms. Subtle variations in appearance took on enormous consequence in meaning, especially among Negros,† (Wilson, pg. 9). With the emphasis of color being placed in the forefront of the black community, blacks have let this issue set the stage for ignorance for over four hundred years. The effects of these actions have trickled down into some of the most prominent black organizations that define our community and our blackness, such as the NAACP, Jack and Jill, Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, and etc. It is no secret that these types of organizations were created in order to create a faux safe haven for the wealth of the light-skinned mulattos. In the early years these organizations were called Blue Vein societies, because in order to quote â€Å"belong,† the test of how light you were was could you see your blue veins through your skin? And if they could, you were in. Works Cited â€Å"Colorism. † Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 1 Nov 2009, 22:52 UTC. 2 Nov 2009 . Wilson, Midge, Russell Kathy. The Color Complex: The Politics of Skin Color Among African Americans. New York: Harcourt Publishers, 1992.

Eating at home is better Essay

In 1900, only 2 percent of meals were eaten outside the home. In 2010, 50 percent were eaten away from home. Most family meals happen about three times a week. Nowadays, living in the 21st century, people are busy. Most people are busy with work, school, sports, and other extra-curricular activities. And along with being so busy,thus, a nearby restaurant usually becomes our dining-place. It cannot be denied that eating out is a more convenient choice. However, eating out everyday can be very expensive. Moreover, the restaurant food is unhealthy, because most of the food are fatty and salty. In addition, the most important thing is, as I have experienced, dining out is not as enjoyable as having a nice home-cooked meal. Therefore, compared with eating in a restaurant, eating at home will be a better choice. First of all, one of the most important fact is that homemade meal is less expensive, which means eating at home is a very good method to save money. Sandy Dawes, a new lawyer, and his husband, Chris, a Ph. D. candidate, used to dine out four times a week. Now they usually eating out once a week, at most, because their budget have been squeezed by the rising prices, student loan bills and car payments,etc. Meat, vegetables and other ingredients from supermarkets or grocery stores are very affordable, and the total cost of a homemade meal is much less than the cost of a meal at a restaurant. For instance, dine at a moderately expensive restaurant, people usually end up spending about $20 to $30 for a meal. In addition, this price is not included the tax and tips. The price people paid to the restaurant is not only for the food, but also for the services provided. However, with the same amount of money, three or four ordinary meals can be prepared at home actually. According to a survey which made by Mintel International, a market research firm, since the economy soured and the prices of food raised, Americans began to spend more time in their kitchen, to cook the lunch and dinner for themselves. From this, it proved that eating at home is a way to save money. Another reason of eating at home is that homemade food is healthier, and it may even enhance our life. Although restaurants are offering more nutritious food options these days, the choices are often limited. Most foods that are served in restaurants contain high amounts of fat and calories, and even some harmful seasoning, such as MSG, which can be detrimental to our health. However, if we prepare our own food by ourselves, we can choose those low-fat and low-calorie and our favorite ingredients to prepare our meals. There will be no any limitation when we are choosing what we want to eat. Another disadvantage of dining out is that we cannot know exactly what we are eating. While we can see the meats and vegetables that are used to prepare our meal, we may not know what ingredients go into the sauces and seasoning. Also, chefs can make mistakes, and they may accidentally add some things that they should not into our food. This is especially important for those who are allergic to certain foods. Therefore,if we prepare our own food at home, we know exactly what we are eating. Besides, the reason of why we should eating at home is not only because of the healthier food, but the length of our life. According to a research which was published in Public Health Nutrition, a Cambridge University journal by a research team, made up of Taiwanese and Australian researchers, eating a home-cooked meal up to five times a week could enhance our life. In addition, according to the research, not only eating at home can live longer, the one who cooked at home about five times a week were 47 percent more likely to still be alive after 10 years. Last but not least, eating at home provides a very good chance to a family to sit together and have a nice conversation. Family member can share their daily life on the dinner table, parents can know more about the life of their children, such as how’s their school life, or whether they have any difficulties on anything or not, eating at home offers an excellent opportunity for family bonding. Moreover, Family dinner can made children become healthier. There was a survey found that those children who ate dinner with their families most frequently ate more fruits and vegetables and less soda and fried foods. When younger kids frequently eat dinner with their families, they are less likely to be overweight than other children. Besides, according to the report of The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University (CASA), it shows that children who have regular meals with their parents do better in every way, from better grades, to healthier relationships, to staying out of trouble, and they are less likely to smoke cigarettes and marijuana or drink alcohol. There is no any disadvantage to stay at home, make the home-cooked food at our sweet home with our lovely family members. We can save more money, enjoy healthier and more nutritive food, have a better life style, build a stronger bonds with our family members, our children will be healthier and more clever. Everything will be good if we eating at home, so, eating at home is definitely a better choice when there are two choice in front of us.

International Marketing Peugeot

The current strategy of Peugeot towards electric cars is clear : this is a new exponential market where there are a lot of market shares to gain. The motives of the company for internationalization can be divided Into two different kind of motives which are the proactive and the reactive motivations: * Increase the profits and realize economies of scale Gain new market shares * Improve its global vision and its brand image * Penetrate a new market with a lot of opportunities * Find an alternative to the very competitive French market which has less opportunities for car makers.Moreover, Californians are already aware of these new technologies which are well seen and appreciate. The launch of electric cars in North America could be a great opportunity for Peugeot, because it represents a new way of cars and it's becoming one of the main preoccupation of everyone who is preoccupied by the energy crisis ND the high price of oil. The second reactive motive concerns profit and growth goal s: going on a foreign market such as North America is a good way to increase profits and to make economies of scale.To launch its new car, Peugeot must take in consideration some other factors. In order to take the right decisions, the company will have to select the most adapted way to penetrate the green vehicles market; the acquisition method, the direct investment, the licensing, Joint venture technique or simply exportation. Each method has strengths and weaknesses but Peugeot Company has to find the en which will allow to increase profits while achieving economies of scale. This map shows us where Peugeot factories around the world. The most critical barriers are the politic and economic ones.American car manufacturers are helped by the U. S government. This can be very difficult for foreign companies such as Peugeot to be as competitive as companies as General Motors for example. This is about protectionism as the United States have a policy which favors US companies rather t han foreign companies. The second politic barrier is the problem of legislation which is not the same in France and in America. Moreover, the car must be adapted to the American rules and norms. Concerning the economic barrier, the most important is the problem of currency.Actually, if Peugeot chooses the exportation way to penetrate the market, the production would be in Euros and the sales in Dollars. That could be a problem in the accountancy, and a problem of higher costs of production than cost of goods sold. Moreover, the understanding of the distribution network in the United States will be another major barrier for Peugeot. They do have experience in selling cars abroad, they do export their cars in many countries across the world. However, the US market is quite different from other countries as no French manufacturer is currently exporting to the United States except Budgets with its luxurious car.Question 2: Examine the company's international competitiveness at the macro , mess The Peugeot international competitiveness consists in the three following levels: the macro, mess and micro levels. For the macro level, we'll use the Porter Diamond to analyze Peugeot national competitiveness. Then, the Porter Five Forces analysis will help us to analyze the competition in the car industry at the mess level. To finish, he Porter value chain will examine strengths and weaknesses of Peugeot on the micro level environment of the company.Macro Level In the car industry the factor conditions represent infrastructure, plants and human resources. Since the crisis in 2008, the French car industry has suffered from a decline in economic activity. Moreover, the cost of one hour of work in France being very high, the economic situation has not improved the competitiveness of Peugeot. Concerning the demand, the customers and the public opinion is concerned about car's quality and the respect of the environment. People have higher expectations doodads than in the past. T hat permits to our French car maker to reach new markets and to gain new market shares†¦. †¦. †¦.. †¦.. †¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Related and supporting industries show a vertical and horizontal integration in the French car industry, with suppliers and distributors present mainly in the European area. These networks are well distributed in the Europe†¦. . About firm strategy, structure and rivalry, the French market is highly competitive with French manufacturers such seepage's (the leader) or Citroen as well as foreign competitors such as Toyota, Fiat, BMW, Moreover, Chance is about external events which can affect the car industry economy.Many factors can have an impact on the number of car sold. For example, the high price of oil in France does not encourage people to buy a new car. More â€Å"chance† can generate important issues in the car industry, like unemployment, loss of money and loss of investments. New entrants : 2 The risk of new entrants is low because car industry requires high investments and high technology to compete on the market. It's a very tough challenge for a new competitors to enter this market but it is not impossible as big brand can invest in his direction such as in China for example where all the car makers are going.Buyers : 4 The buyers' power is very important as they have very high expectations, concerning quality and techniques. Moreover, even if cars are one of the main things that makes up an economy, if people have not money they will not buy cars. Suppliers : 4 Suppliers do not have a very important power of negotiation but they keep an important power as they can put pressure on delivery delays, which can be very difficult for the car company to handle. Moreover, the production depends on those suppliers.Substitutes : 1 Substitute of cars doesn't have a real impact or even doesn't really exist except common tra nsports such as the train or the airplane but it can not really be considered as substitutes. Peugeot is one of the main competitor on the French market. The company is focused on the middle-range target. Peugeot already have an international strategy as they are present in Asia, South America and Europe. To penetrate the American market, Peugeot should benchmark it, with analyzing which competitors he would have to face, but also with highlighting the difference of habits and knowledge.Thanks to this benchmark, they'll be able to have a global picture of the American market. The difference of habits in the USA is also a factor to consider as American customers don't have maybe the same expectations in terms of power, comfort, etc. It's necessary for Peugeot to have the â€Å"big picture† of what customers are expecting from these new kind of cars. Question 3: What economic and political barriers would impact the export of cars to the US? It will be not easy for Peugeot to be competitive with other US car maker which produces electric cars as well on their own market.Regarding the political barrier, rules and norms, which has to be adapted in order to fit the American market. Then, the economic barrier deals with the problem of currency. This raises the problem of cost of production for Peugeot in case if they export electric cars in USA. Indeed, the difference between Euros and Dollars is not for the benefit of Peugeot as they will have a higher cost of production compared to cost of goods sold in the American market. Question 4: What influence would culture have on the international marketing strategy? Use the models of Hefted and Hall as points of referenceThe culture is very influent in the internationalization strategy: the company penetrating a new market has to know the culture of the country, of the people and also how to manage it to make of this culture a positive point, and not something going against the company Power of distance: hierarchy is very present in the United States which makes the distance more important. A notion of distance is kept when people talk to you. Uncertainty avoidance: uncertainty is not common in the US, people don't like uncertainty. Something which has been planned, for an agenda for example, has to be followed.Individualism: the concept of individualism is very present in the USA and comes with social success and material wealth. Masculinity: More and more managers or directors are women, even if it depends on the field of activity. Masculinity used to be very strong a few years ago but now it's changing. The United States culture would be positioned in the Low-context part in the Hall's model. When talking to somebody, the communication and the sense of self and space are more informal compared to other developed countries. The way of managing business, hierarchy, etc. Is part of this low-context.The American culture is more likely to be † low context†, as business is business, everything and everybody is direct moreover when you talk about money. Question 5: What type of market entry modes should the French car manufacturer consider? Explain your reasons The first thing to do is to show the different types of market entry modes that Peugeot can consider in order to launch an electric car in the United States. Then, we The exportation Peugeot already experiences this system as they have a lots of factories in France and worldwide (eastern Europe, Asia, South America CB:map ).If Peugeot choose this solution to penetrate the US market it means that they will have to produce cars in France or somewhere else in the world and then export these cars to the United States. In the same time, Peugeot will not support high costs of idealization. The only costs associated to exportation are transportation, insurance for this transport, the exchange rate and import tax. Moreover, transport implies many risks of delays for example. A Joint venture Peugeot could create a Joint venture with an US car manufacturer like Chevrolet or Cadillac for example.That means that the two companies would have to create a new many that both companies share. This would enable the French company to penetrate the market easier as car industry in the United States are under State protection. Direct investment (FAD) or acquisition Peugeot could acquire assets in the United States with this method (plants, equipment, etc. ) and produce electric cars directly in the country where they will be sold. This solution solves the problem of exchange rate because as car will be produced in dollars and sold in dollars as well, there will not have fluctuations between currencies.Moreover, Peugeot will be able to control the chain from the ginning to the end, reducing manufacturing costs and delays. Licensing Peugeot also have the possibility to use licensing, which means the licensor sell the right to use intellectual property such as production techniques, patents, trademark, dra wings (intangible property). This indirect way of penetrating the US market has the advantage of requiring little investment with a high return on investment. The strategic alliance with a licensee could be the opportunity for Peugeot to enter this market without major issues.But Peugeot could lost revenues coming from manufacturing and marketing activities, for the benefit of the licensee. To conclude, Peugeot can choose between those 4 types of market entry modes: exportation, Joint venture, direct investment or acquisition and licensing. Exportation would be a bad choice if Peugeot Just wants to export its electric car to the United States. There are still too many risks regarding the fluctuations between euros and The better option for Peugeot is to consider the foreign direct investment or acquisition method as a real way to penetrate the market.This would allow Peugeot to control all the operation while getting closer to the consumers and knowing better the competitive environ ment. Even if it requires a high level of resources from the French company, the investment would be profitable as there is a huge potential for electric cars in the coming years. Question 6: What would be the limitations of acquisition as an entry strategy? The acquisition method can be risky as it requires a lot of investments to buy a new entity. If Peugeot doesn't have sufficient funds available, they can receive money from investors by selling shares for example.It may be also possible to raise funds or to issue stock options to get cash vastly. Moreover, there is a management limitation because everything would be engaged from France even if they hire American managers and it can be an issue to consider. Question 7: Describe the International Product Lifestyle and its implications for the electric / hybrid car models? There are 5 main steps in each product life cycle. Let's analyze them concerning the electric cars: Development phase: The time taken by innovation and Search ; Development to concept, design and create an electric car.Introduction stage: When Peugeot first electric car was presented in 2010 with the ion car. Growth: when it starts to be produced and sold for the mass market. Decline: When others competitors enter the market and take market shares or offer a better product. Peugeot is still in the introduction phase because the company Just started to sell its electric cars in France to rental cars company. They didn't decide yet to launch the product on the market but it should be launched in 2012. Question 8: Explain how exchange rates and inflation may affect the way you price the product?The exchange rates are quite interesting for France right now but Peugeot should be careful because the buying power is less important in America than in France as the Euro is stronger than the dollar. The price must be lower than the one in euros. Concerning the inflation, it could affect the price because it would mean an increase of the production co sts of the raw materials that are necessary for the electric car production. Inflation could also increase the unit price for a car which can be dangerous towards the customers.Question 9: Explain how personal selling may differ in the US from how it is used in France? Personal selling is an oral communication like a speech which happens when a salesman face a potential customer. In France, you let the customer act as he feels, you don't disturb him in the shop enter whereas in America you must keep taking care of him. If you're not, he feels less important and can decide to leave and buy no car and it would be only because of a failure in the personal selling.Question 10: What type of international marketing controls will the company require? Peugeot will have to use the benchmarking in order to compare performance against its other international competitors which sells also electric cars. Key areas are design, battery life, space and reliability. Peugeot will be able to improve it s cars' performance and features thanks to analyzing data from competitors and customers' expectations. Finally, we can say that the United States has a great potential for electric.Peugeot just started to sell its electric car in France and it would be reasonable form the company to wait until the end of 2012 to launch a car on the American market. That's why Peugeot must benchmark and study a lot the American habits, culture, legislation and economy, to see if they have a chance to succeed in this particular sector and country. Bibliography http://www. Peugeot. FRR http://www. Euros. FRR http://www. ]ornamented. Com Google pictures Peugeot annual report My own data as I did an internship in a Peugeot shop two years ago.

Training Needs Assessment Paper

Training Needs Assessment for Chicago Transit Authority By Tammi Adams Table of Contents Executive Summary___________________________________________________ 3 Background of CTA___________________________________________________ 4 Needs Assessment Design, Implementation and Analysis_____________________5 Recommended Training Strategy and Design______________________________6 Cost/Benefit Analysis__________________________________________________ 8 Training Evaluation Plan_______________________________________________9 References___________________________________________________________10Executive Summary We here at CTA are committed to providing quality and safe service to our customers which is why we are committed in making sure that all qualified individuals are trained to the highest standard. This training needs assessment is focused on the bus operators of the CTA since they are the public face of the agency. Before any training can begin individuals have to go through series of test to see if a individual is qualified. Once a person is qualified and hired they will start a 4 week training class with qualified CTA instructors.This 4 week training class will consist of classroom work and on- the- road techniques. Once the training has ended the trainee will take a 100 question exam to see how much they have learned though out the training course. In order to the successfully pass the training course the trainee will have to pass at least 80% of the exam. If a trainee has failed to pass the exam they will be given a second chance, but if they fail again, potential employment at CTA will be terminated. After a trainee has successfully passed the training course they will be known as a professional bus operator and will start working on their own.Once the bus operator starts working an instructor will come out at random to observe them to see if all rules and procedures are being followed. CTA has decided that every 2 years all bus operators will have to ta ke a recertification class to refresh their skills and learn new ones. Background of CTA The CTA is the nation’s second largest public transportation system which covers the City of Chicago and 40 of its surrounding suburbs. The CTA is provided by their modes which are the bus and rail service while the bus service is the public face of the agency. On a average CTA provides over 1. 4 million rides which accounts for 80% of all taken in the six county Chicago metropolitan region. CTA operates 24 hours each day on an average weekday. It has approximately 1,800 buses which operates 140 routes. Buses provide about one million passenger trips a day and serve more than 12,000 posted bus stops. The Chicago Transit Authority's 1,190 train cars operates eight routes, its trains provide about 650,000 customer trips each day and serve 144 stations in Chicago. CTA’s mission is to deliver quality, affordable transit services that link, commuters, jobs, and communities.CTA has many values but the most important one is providing transit service with the highest standards of quality and safety for our customers. Another value is that they focus on getting the job done and will derive personal satisfaction from the service they provide. With this being said while providing quality service it is important that CTA has dedicated and skillfully trained employees. It is important for the employees to be aware of all procedures so they can provide service with high standards. The specific position at CTA I will be discussing is the position of Bus Operators.At CTA, bus operators are the face of the agency which is why it is important for them to ensure CTA’s goal of providing quality and safe service to its customers. Bus operators are the ones who operate bus transportation over a route adhering to a schedule in a safe efficient and polite manner to allow passengers to board travel and alight at scheduled stops. Needs Assessment Design, Implementation and Anal ysis At CTA safety is its number 1 priority, with this being said training definitely supports the company strategic direction.It is important that everyone who operates a bus knows how to operate it safely, know the rules of the road, what to do in case of an accident and knows all of CTA procedures. With the proper training CTA can reduce the number of accidents it has had throughout the years and offer its customers the best transit service. CTA has decided that all training will be done in-house and that all training be conducted by CTA certified Instructors. All instructors are former CTA bus operators who have been bus operators for over 10 years and have a clean driving record.The duties of a bus operator are navigating the bus through an assigned route, manages the collection of bus fares, provides customer service to its passengers, report conditions that could jeopardize the safety of the passenger or other members of the public and maintains contact with dispatch and repo rts current position and conditions affecting the operation of the route as required and assists in loading, securing, and unloading wheelchairs and passengers. Before anyone can start training with CTA there are a few qualifications they must have. They first must pass a personality test.The reason being is to determine what kind of person you are and how you would handle certain situations that may arise while you are operating your bus. Before training can begin all trainees must possess a high school diploma and have basic skills such as writing, communication and reading. Bus operators must be able to communicate with its passengers in a professional manner and along with being able to read road signs. Before trainees start training sessions they will have to possess a clean driving record and a valid class B Commercial Driver’s License with an unrestricted passenger endorsement.Recommended Training Strategy and Design The training will include classroom work, and on-the road training techniques to ensure that all employees will be prepared for being able to work on their own. The classroom session will consist of learning the operation of a public bus which will include familiarization with all safety features and its system. It will also include learning traffic rules, regulations and laws, learn the fare structure, and learn how to read schedules.Included will also be topics such as how to provide first aid assistance in the event of an accident; promoting transit rider-ship within the Municipality and how to maintain a working relationship that is professional with your coworkers, superiors and passengers. The on-the-road training techniques will consist of how to operate a bus in a safe, efficient and timely manner to comply with all regulatory requirements and all standards. Some of the techniques that will be learned is how to make a right and left turn, how to curb the bus and learning how to change lanes.Training will also include how to o perate and utilize standard safety equipment that is installed in transit passenger vehicles, including; safety harnesses, restraints and other equipment that is required by state and federal regulations. Once this has been established the trainee will team up with a bus line instructor to learn various routes and they will also see how it is to drive in service with passengers. During this time the bus line instructor will observe the trainee’s driving, collecting pay fares and also how they are dealing with passengers that aboard the bus.All training at CTA consists of 4 weeks, Mon thru Fri 8 hours a day: 2 weeks of classroom work, 1 week of on-the-road training and 1 week of driving with a bus operator to learn all of the routes. Once the trainee has completed these 4 weeks of training they will be required to take a 100 question test on everything that has been learned throughout the training course. In order to pass the training the trainee will be required to pass 80% o f the test. If a trainee does not pass at least 80% of the test they will have one- on-one training with an instructor for 1 week on topics that they are struggling with.After extensive training another test will be given and the trainee must pass this test or else they will not be hired for employment with CTA. Direct Cost| Cost/Benefit Analysis| In-house instructors (20 [email  protected] $480)| $9,600 | Materials ($40 *20 trainees)| $800 | | | | | Compensation for Trainees| | Trainees salaries| $32,000 | | | Total training cost| $42,400 | | | Cost per trainee| $2,120 | Training Evaluation Plan After the trainee has passed all tests and has started working on their own, an instructor will ride with the operator and observed them to see if all rules are being followed properly.Not only will instructors ride with new operators, they will further ride with all operators at random to see if they are following all rules and procedures of the company. CTA will also hire spotters who w ill go out and observe operators to see if procedures are being handled properly and if procedures are not followed the spotter will report the operator to CTA officials. Another thing that CTA does to ensure that training is followed effectively is that once a new bus operator has started they will be evaluated every month for a year to see if there have been any violations or accidents.In addition CTA will also provide on-going education services (recertification class) so that employees may continue to refresh existing qualifications and obtain new skills. This type of training will be given to all employees every two years. A retraining class will also be given to an operator if they have been involved in an accident by which it was their fault. This type of training will consist of what might have been done to avoid the accident along with going over necessary techniques.This training can range from 1 to 5 days depending on how serious the accident was. A test will also be give n following retraining to insure the operator has a thorough understanding of what they have learned and how they can avoid being involved in another accident. CTA must stay committed in making sure that all operators are following proper procedures throughout training evaluation to ensure they are committed to their goal which is provide necessary transit service with the highest standards of quality and safety for its customers.References Chicago Transit Authority. (2011, June 17). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved , from http://en. wikipedia. org/w/index. php? title=Chicago_Transit_Authority;oldid=434808174 Chicago Transit Authority. (2011,June 15). CTA Overview. Retrieved from http://www. transitchicago. com/about/overview. aspx Mass Transit. (2011,June 9) Managers Forum. Retrieved from http://www. masstransitmag. com/article/10220533/managers-forum

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